国际经济学（International Economics）
[size=4][font=Verdana][b][i]International Economics[/i][/b], Robert A. Mundell, New York: Macmillan, 1968, pp. vii-xi. [/font][/size][table=98%][tr][td][color=white][font=Verdana][size=4]Contents[/size][/font][/color][/td][/tr][/table][b][size=13.5pt][url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/iepre.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Preface[/color][/size][/font][/url][/size][/b][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[font=Verdana][b][font=宋体]Part I: The Theory of Exchange[/font][/b]
[/font][url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-01.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 1. The Classical System 3[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Analytical Procedure[/size][/font][/font][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 5
[i][font=宋体]The Method of Comparative Statics[/font][/i] 6
[i][font=宋体]The Free-Trade Model[/font][/i] 8
[i][font=宋体]Conditions of Stability[/font][/i] 11
[i][font=宋体]Price and Income Effects[/font][/i] 15 [/size][/font]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-02.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 2. Transfers, Productivity, and Taxes 17[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]The Transfer Problem[/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana] 17[/font][/size][i]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Productivity Changes[/size][/font][/font][/i][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 22[/size][/font][i]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Taxes and Subsidies on Trade[/size][/font][/font][/i][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 26[/size][/font][i]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Commodity Taxes Other Mechanisms of Adjustment[/size][/font][/font][/i][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 38[/size][/font][i]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Summary[/size][/font][/font][/i][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 41 [/size][/font]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-03.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 3. Generalization of the Classical Model 43[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Productivity Changes[/size][/font][/font][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 46
[i][font=宋体]Tariff Changes[/font][/i] 48
[i][font=宋体]Consumption and Production Tax Changes[/font][/i] 50
[i][font=宋体]Unilateral Payments[/font][/i] 50
[i][font=宋体]Comparison of Two-Country and Multiple[/font][/i]-[i][font=宋体]Country Models[/font][/i] 51 [/size][/font]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-04.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 4. Tariff Preferences and the Terms of Trade 54[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]A Geometric Model of Three Countries[/size][/font][/font][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 54
[i][font=宋体]The Basic Proposition[/font][/i] 58
[i][font=宋体]Zone of Mutual Improvement[/font][/i] 59
[i][font=宋体]Conclusions and Qualifications[/font][/i] 60
[i][font=宋体]Appendix: The N-Country Case[/font][/i] 62 [/size][/font]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-05.html][size=4][font=Verdana][color=#0000ff]Chapter 5. A Geometry of Transport Costs in International Trade Theory 65[/color][/font][/size][/url]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]The Geometry[/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana] 65
[i][font=宋体]The F.O.B. and C.I.F. Terms of Trade[/font][/i] 71
[i][font=宋体]The Transfer Problem[/font][/i] 73
[i][font=宋体]The Optimum Tariff[/font][/i][/font][/size][font=Verdana][size=4] 80
[i][font=宋体]Real Factor Returns[/font][/i] 83
[i][font=宋体]Concluding Remarks[/font][/i] 84 [/size][/font]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-06.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 6. International Trade and Factor Mobility 85[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Trade Impediments and Factor Movements[/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana] 85
[i][font=宋体]Effect of Relative Size 90 [/font][/i]
[i][font=宋体]Factor Mobility Impediments and Trade[/font][/i] 94
[i][font=宋体]An Argument for Protection?[/font][/i] 95
[i][font=宋体]Concluding Remarks[/font][/i] 99[/font][/size]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-07.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 7. The Laws of Comparative Statics and Homogeneity 100[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Relative Prices and Absolute Incomes[/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana] 101
[i][font=宋体]Two-Region and Multiple-Region Metzleric[/font][/i] [i][font=宋体]Models[/font][/i] 102
[i][font=宋体]Mathematical Analysis[/font][/i] 103[/font][/size]
[font=Verdana][b][font=宋体]Part II: Monetary Equilibrium and Adjustment Processes[/font][/b] [/font][url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-08.html][size=4][font=Verdana][color=#0000ff]Chapter 8. Barter Theory and the Monetary Mechanism of[/color][color=#0000ff]Adjustment 111[/color][/font][/size][/url]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Income, Expenditure, and the Quantity of Money[/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana] 114
[i][font=宋体]The Anatomy of Disequilibrium and Dynamics[/font][/i] 119
[i][font=宋体]The Classical Case and Devaluation[/font][/i] 121
[i][font=宋体]Budgetary Policy[/font][/i] 123
[i][font=宋体]The Transfer Problem[/font][/i] 125
[i][font=宋体]Growth and Liquidity[/font][/i] 126
[i][font=宋体]Conclusions[/font][/i] 129
[i][font=宋体]Appendix: Three Monetary Standards[/font][/i] 130[/font][/size]
[size=4][font=Verdana]Chapter 9. Growth and the Balance of Payments 134[/font][/size]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Money, Trade, and Growth[/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana] 135
[i][font=宋体]Allowance for Credit Creation[/font][/i] 137
[i][font=宋体]Defects of Traditional Theory[/font][/i] 138[/font][/size]
[font=Verdana][size=4]Chapter 10. The Balance of Payments 140 [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Definition[/size][/font][/font][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 141
[i][font=宋体]International Consistency[/font][/i] 143
[i][font=宋体]The Exchange Market[/font][/i] 147
[i][font=宋体]Analytical Approach[/font][/i] 149 [/size][/font]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-11.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 11. The Monetary Dynamics of International Adjustment under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates 152[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]The Static System[/size][/font][/font][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 153
[i][font=宋体]The Dynamic Systems[/font][/i] 157
[i][font=宋体]The Importance of Capital Mobility[/font][/i] 160
[i][font=宋体]The Stock of Reserves[/font][/i] 163
[i][font=宋体]Speculation and Stability[/font][/i] 166
[i][font=宋体]The Principle of Effective Market Classification[/font][/i] 169
[i][font=宋体]Appendix[/font][/i] 170 [/size][/font]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-12.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 12. A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas 177[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Currency Areas and Common Currencies[/size][/font][/font][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 178
[i][font=宋体]National Currencies and Flexible Exchange[/font][/i] [i][font=宋体]Rates[/font][/i] 179
[i]Regional Currency Areas and Flexible Exchange Rates[/i] 180
[i][font=宋体]A Practical Application[/font][/i] 181[/size][/font][i]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Upper Limits on the Number of Currencies and[/size][/font][/font][/i][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] [i][font=宋体]Currency Areas[/font][/i] 182
[i][font=宋体]Concluding Argument[/font][/i] 184 [/size][/font]
[font=Verdana][size=4]Chapter 13. The Proper Division of the Burden of International Adjustment 187 [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]The Internal Stability Criterion[/size][/font][/font][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 187
[i][font=宋体]The Relative Cost Criterion[/font][/i] 188
[i][font=宋体]Exchange-Rate Adjustment[/font][/i] 190
[i][font=宋体]The Relative Size Criterion[/font][/i] 192
[i][font=宋体]Normative Aspects of the Relative Size[/font][/i] [i][font=宋体]Criterion[/font][/i] 194
[i][font=宋体]Appendix: The Redundancy Problem and[/font][/i] [i][font=宋体]the World Price Level[/font][/i] 195 [/size][/font]
[font=Verdana][b][font=宋体]Part III. Disequilibrium and Economic Policy[/font][/b][/font][url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-14.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 14. The Nature of Policy Choices 201[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Employment and the Balance of Payments[/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana] 204
[i][font=宋体]Mathematical Aspects of the Theory of Policy[/font][/i] 207[/font][/size]
[size=4][font=Verdana]Chapter 15. The International Disequilibrium System 217[/font][/size]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Hume's Law and the Process of Adjustment [/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana]218
[i][font=宋体]Monetary Policy and Sterilization Operations [/font][/i]222
[i][font=宋体]Alternative Means to Equilibrium [/font][/i]228[/font][/size]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-16.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 16. The Appropriate Use of Monetary and Fiscal Policy under Fixed Exchange Rates 233[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]The Conditions of Equilibrium [/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana]233
[i][font=宋体]Two Systems of Policy Response [/font][/i]237
[i][font=宋体]Principles of Policy [/font][/i]239[/font][/size]
[font=Verdana][size=4]Chapter 17. Flexible Exchange Rates and Employment Policy 240 [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Stability Conditions of the Model [/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana]241
[i][font=宋体]Fiscal Policy and Employment [/font][/i][/font][/size][size=4][font=Verdana]243
[i][font=宋体]Monetary Policy and Employment [/font][/i]245
[i][font=宋体]Commercial Policy and Employment [/font][/i][/font][/size][font=Verdana][size=4]246
[i][font=宋体]Conclusions [/font][/i]247
[i][font=宋体]Appendix [/font][/i]248 [/size][/font]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-18.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 18. Capital Mobility and Stabilization Policy under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates 250[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Sectoral and Market Equilibrium Conditions [/size][/font][/font][/i][font=Verdana][size=4]251
[i][font=宋体]Policies under Flexible Exchange Rates [/font][/i]253
[i][font=宋体]Policies under Fixed Exchange Rates [/font][/i]254
[i][font=宋体]Other[/font][/i] [i][font=宋体]Policy Combinations [/font][/i]256
[i][font=宋体]Diagrammatic Illustration [/font][/i]257
[i][font=宋体]Conclusions [/font][/i]261
[i][font=宋体]Appendix: The World Economy [/font][/i]262 [/size][/font]
[font=Verdana][size=4]Chapter 19. The Cost of Exchange Crises and the Problem of Sterling 272 [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Definition of Cost [/size][/font][/font][/i][font=Verdana][size=4]272
[i][font=宋体]The Short-Run Cost [/font][/i]272
[i][font=宋体]Analogy to a Depreciating Exchange Rate[/font][/i] 276
[i][font=宋体]Saving the Cost[/font][/i] 277
[i][font=宋体]Adjustment Policies[/font][/i] 280 [/size][/font]
[font=Verdana][size=4]Chapter 20. The Crisis Problem 282 [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Meaning of Crisis[/size][/font][/font][/i][font=Verdana][size=4] 282
[i][font=宋体]Rules of the System[/font][/i] 283
[i][font=宋体]Operation of the System[/font][/i] 284
[i][font=宋体]Control Crisis[/font][/i] 285
[i][font=宋体]Reversal of Control[/font][/i] 286
[i][font=宋体]Conclusions[/font][/i] 286
[i][font=宋体]Appendix A: Alternative Dynamic Mechanisms[/font][/i] 287
[i][font=宋体]Appendix B: A Monetary Truce[/font][/i] 288 [/size][/font]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-21.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Chapter 21. Hicksian Stability, Currency Markets, and the Pure Theory of Economic Policy 298[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[i][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]The Hicks Conditions and Sliding Parities[/size][/font][/font][/i][size=4][font=Verdana] 302
[i][font=宋体]The Asymmetrical Position of the Standard[/font][/i] [i][font=宋体]Currency[/font][/i] 304
[i][font=宋体]Generalization of the Hicks Conditions[/font][/i] 308
[i]Currency Areas[/i] 310
[i][font=宋体]General Conditions and Dynamic Stability[/font][/i] 312
[i][font=宋体]Hicksian Stability and the Theory of Economic Policy[/font][/i] 313[/font][/size]
[url=http://www.columbia.edu/~ram15/ie/ie-ic.html][font=Verdana][size=4][color=#0000ff]Literature Cited 319[/color][/size][/font][/url][font=Verdana][size=4] [/size][/font]
[font=Verdana][size=4]Index 325 [/size][/font]
[b][i][font=Verdana][size=4][/size][/font][/i][/b]
[size=4][font=Verdana][b][i]International Economics[/i][/b], Robert A. Mundell, New York: Macmillan, 1968, pp. [i]v-vi[/i]. [/font][/size]
[table=98%][tr][td][i][color=white][font=宋体][font=Verdana][size=4]Preface[/size][/font][/font][/color][/i][color=silver][font=Verdana]Robert A. Mundell[/font][/color][/td][/tr][/table][align=center][font=Verdana][size=4][/size][/font][/align]
[font=Verdana][size=4]© Copyright Robert A. Mundell, 1968 [/size][/font]
[[i] 本帖最后由 大钊 于 2007-3-21 13:04 编辑 [/i]]
前言
[font=Verdana][size=4] This book brings together, and to a certain extent integrates, my theoretical writings on international economics over the past decade. All the major topics are touched on, and I have organized them into a pattern that seemed to me to make them most useful to the student. Part I analyzes the classical theory and covers such topics as the terms of trade, income transfers, productivity changes, tariffs, consumption taxes, production taxes, transport costs, tariff preferences, factor mobility, and policy analysis in the context of general equilibrium systems. Part II introduces monetary-dynamic elements into the theory of exchange and develops the theory of adjustment, the balance of payments, growth, the distribution of the burden of adjustment, optimum currency areas, monetary standards, and fixed and flexible exchange rate systems. Part III treats international macroeconomic theory from the standpoint of the theory of policy and develops the principle of effective market classification, the appropriate mix of monetary and fiscal policy under fixed and flexible exchange systems, capital mobility, the international transmission of cycles, commercial policy, the welfare cost of exchange crises, the crisis problem, and multiple-currency systems.[/size][/font]
[font=Verdana][size=4] The book, looked upon as a text, is perhaps most suitable in courses of international economics for graduate students, or, in those institutions where undergraduates receive substantial instruction in theory and money, for seniors. But just as international economics cannot be studied independently of value and monetary theory, so value theory and monetary theory cannot be divorced from the subject matter that is studied in trade theory. The theory of exchange and general equilibrium, treated in Part I of this book and in the final chapter, are as much a part of general theory as optimum currency area theory and the monetary-fiscal policy mix are part of the theory of money. For this reason some teachers may find various chapters useful as supplementary reading for students of courses in general theory or in monetary theory.
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[font=Verdana][size=4] Many of the topics covered in this book have a bearing on the great controversies that have raged in the economics profession since the publication of Keynes' General Theory. Keynes' attempt to integrate real and monetary phenomena was only partially successful, but he gave new scope to economic thinking about theory and policy. Just as theorists in the nineteenth century eventually settled their differences over which blade of the scissors did the cutting, so economists today are becoming increasingly impatient with analysis based solely on multiplier or on velocity approaches to income determination. What emerges is a richer and more useful theory based on general equilibrium analysis. To accelerate this end, in the field of international economics, I trust this book makes a contribution.
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[font=Verdana][size=4] A complete list of acknowledgments to teachers, friends, students, and colleagues would be too long and would detract from the special indebtedness I owe to select individuals. My earliest indebtedness is to two great teachers at the University of British Columbia, Joseph A. Crumb in the Economics Department and William J. Rose of the Slavonic Studies Department. I owe a general debt in 1953-54 to members of the Economics Department at the University of Washington and especially to Donald F. Gordon.
I had the good fortune in the three years from 1954 to 1957 to benefit from personal association with C. P. Kindleberger, P. A. Samuelson, J. E. Meade, S. A. Ozga, L. Robbins, H. G. Johnson, M. Friedman, A. C. Harberger, and L. A. Metzler. Their influence on my work will, it is hoped, not have escaped detection. Subsequently, K. J. Arrow greatly encouraged my interest in general equilibrium theory.
In the preparation of this volume I have exploited the advice of friends and students. H. G. Johnson, to whom I owe numerous debts incurred over the past decade, made many suggestions. Lawrence Krause, Walter Salant, Alexander Swoboda, and Bernard Munk made helpful comments. Kishori Lal, Houston Stokes, Michael Mussa, and Rudiger Dornbusch (who prepared the bibliography) contributed at various stages. Paulette Lundgren and Judith Kidd provided valuable assistance.
For permission to reprint material from which, in whole or in part, material has been adapted, I am happy to acknowledge the American Economic Review, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Econometrica, the National Banking Review, Kyklos, The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, the Manchester School of Social Studies, the IMF Staff Papers, the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, and the International Encyclopaedia for the Social Sciences.
R. A. M.[/size][/font]
[[i] 本帖最后由 大钊 于 2007-3-21 13:06 编辑 [/i]] *** 作者被禁止或删除 内容自动屏蔽 *** 我有三分支二不认识。 都一样...大部分不懂...慢慢看呗..[em10]
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